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The MEDiS Model

The Malaysia Energy Database and Information System, MEDiS, is designed with the primary objective of generating the country's energy balance. Data from energy suppliers and consumers are collected, compiled and organized appropriately in a manner to produce the energy balance.
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Energy Balance Model

The overall energy balance is based on the simple accounting of the country's total energy input and the total output using a single unit for the various forms of energy. All energy forms comprising, liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons, coal, steam, hydro, electricity, biomass, solar, wind, etc, are converted into the common unit of kiloton oil equivalent, ktoe, for the accounting of the energy balance

For MEDiS, the forms of energy are termed as energy products or commodities. Examples include, crude oil, natural gas, diesel, mogas, LPG, LNG, electricity etc. The MEDiS engine is specifically designed to execute the complete accounting of these energy products.

The specific model for MEDiS is shown in the diagram below:

For MEDiS, the forms of energy are termed as energy products or commodities. Examples include, crude oil, natural gas, diesel, mogas, LPG, LNG, electricity etc. The MEDiS engine is specifically designed to execute the complete accounting of these energy products.

Input Side
Output Side
The data collected for the energy-input side of the balance equation comprises:
  • Beginning Stock
  • Supply-Local Purchase
  • Supply-Primary Production
  • Supply-Foreign Imports
The data collected for the energy-output of the balance equation comprises:
  • Ending Stock
  • Own Consumption / Own Use
  • Conversion Process
  • Sales (5 distributor channels)
  • Losses (5 loss categories)
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Component Data Balance Requirements

To achieve a completely balance situation for every component in MEDiS, each energy data contributor will be required to submit their set of energy data in the manner conforming to the input-output balance model described above. Individual energy product imbalances will have to be captured as Losses under any of the 5 categories (flaring, operational, storage, transport, others) to be described later.

It is important that this low level balance is achieved in the original units of measure (e.g. in kiloliters, metric tons or kilobarrels) as some discrepancies is expected when all the original units are converted into KTOE for all the energy products.

A. Energy Input Side

(1) Beginning Stock
This stock value for the energy product or commodity refers the holding physical volume or quantity during the opening of the accounting period. As an example, for a quarterly accounting period, with diesel as an energy product, the Beginning Stock is the physical volume of diesel in storage at the beginning of the quarter in volume units like kiloliters, or in weight units like metric tons. These units will later be converted to KiloTons Oil Equivalent (KTOE) for the balance.

(2) Supply-Local Purchase
The supply under local purchase refers to all energy product or commodity inputs into the system through a local purchase from a local source or a local reseller within the country. Electricity supplied by local producers that are unstorable and continuously metered is also considered in this category.

(3) Supply-Primary Production
The supply under primary production refers to all energy product inputs into the system which come direct from the source like the oil and gas fields. The energy product is not purchased from any local entity or imported from outside the country. The energy product may be storable liquids or liquid gases (e.g. crude oil or liquified natural gas) or unstorable products that are continuously flowing and metered like piped natural gas. Under this category the supply must be direct from the primary source.

(4) Supply-Foreign Imports
The supply under foreign imports refers to all imports of energy products and commodities. It includes electricity if purchased from outside the country.

B. Energy Output Side

(1) Ending Stock
This stock value for the energy product or commodity refers the holding physical volume or quantity during the closing of the accounting period. The units used must be identical to the Beginning Stock unit. The stock values is used to account for stock change in the accounting balance.

(2) Own Consumption / Own Use
The energy product under own consumption and own use refers to the quantity of energy products consumed within the system or process itself. It may be a refinery consuming refinery gas, or a refinery consuming a portion of the products it produces, like fuel oil. For an electricity generating plant, a portion of the total electricity generated that is consumed internally falls under this category.

(3) Conversion Process
The energy product under the conversion process refers to the quantity of one form of energy being converted in the process into another set of products. As an example, crude oil is an energy product that is converted in a refinery into other petroleum products. Also natural gas may be converted in the middle distillate process into a set of liquid petroleum products. Products like slops being reprocessed also falls under this category and the quantity that is converted falls under this category.

(4) Sales (5 distributor channels)
Any entity processing any set of input energy products will produce some set of outputs, unless the whole of the input energy products is fully consumed. The set of outputs are categorized in MEDiS as sales via any of the 5 distribution channels described below :

4.1 Sales to End User
Sales of energy products to the end user refer to sales to clients that directly consume the energy product without going through an intermediary like a reseller or marketing company. The client is the final end user that burns the fuel or consumes the electricity. This normally applies to plants that generate and deliver the energy product direct to the client from the plant premises.

4.2 Sales to Resellers
Sales to resellers refer to sales to a middle party or an intermediary who then resells them to final consumers that burns the fuel or consumes the electricity. This category covers energy product quantities that are sold to local resellers for local consumption only.

4.3 Sales on InterCompany (On Exchange)
The sale on the “intercompany basis” refers to sales on an exchange or borrowing. It is not a sale that ends up with final consumption of the energy product. Most companies within the same energy industry practice cooperative exchanges of products as borrowings or on a “hospitality” agreement to cater for supply shortages during mandatory or statutory shutdowns or other short-term eventualities. The borrowing were then repaid with the same product later.

4.4 Sales as Bunker Fuels
Sales as bunker fuels are direct sales of energy products to ships that consume the fuel. These transportation ships may be those that come to port to load and unload the energy product itself.

4.5 Sales as Foreign Exports
Sales of all energy products that cross the national boundary are categorized as foreign exports. It includes crude oil, liquified natural gas, not just processed energy products, and even electricity, as long as it is sold and physically moved to a foreign country.

 
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